VFX

 VFX (Visual Effects)  is the process by which imagery is created or manipulated outside the context of a live-action shot in filimmaking and video production The integration of live-action footage and other live-action footage or CGI elements to create realistic imagery is called VFX.

VFX involves the integration of live-action footage (which may include in-camera special effects) and generated-imagery (digital or optics, animals or creatures) which look realistic, but would be dangerous, expensive, impractical, time-consuming or impossible to capture on film. Visual effects using computer-generated imagery  (CGI) have more recently become accessible to the independent filmmaker with the introduction of affordable and relatively easy-to-use animation and composting software.

In 1857, Oscar Rejlander created the world's first "special effects" image by combining different sections of 32 negatives into a single image, making a montaged

 combination  print. In 1895,Alfred clark created what is commonly accepted as the first-ever motion picture special effect. While filming a reenactment of the beheading of Marry, Qu                                  een of scots  Clark instructed an actor to step up to the block in Mary's costume. As the executioner brought the axe above his head, Clark stopped the camera, had all the actors freeze, and had the person playing Mary step off the set. He placed a Mary dummy in the actor's place, restarted filming, and allowed the executioner to bring the axe down, severing the dummy's head. Techniques like these would dominate the production of special effects for a century.

It was not only the first use of trickery in cinema, it was also the first type of photographic trickery that was only possible in a motion picture, and referred to as the "stop trick

". Georges Meleis, an early motion picture pioneer, accidentally discovered the same "stop trick."

According to Melies, his camera jammed while filming a street scene in Paris. When he screened the film, he found that the "stop trick" had caused a truck to turn into a hearse, pedestrians to change direction, and men to turn into women. Melies, the director of the Theater Robert Houdin, was inspired to develop a series of more than 500 short films, between 1896 and 1913, in the process developing or inventing such techniques as multiple exposures time-lapse photography dissolves and hand-painted color.